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Comparative Anatomy Benchmark

Posted by Sarah Sam in Biochemistry 2 Honors on
The key aspects that my group and I learned from this benchmark are how circulatory organ systems such as the heart, lungs, and blood vessels has existed in primitive forms in different organisms. However, due to evolution and factors such as natural selection and genetic change. The circulatory system as evolve into a complex structure, such as in circulatory system in humans. Thus helping us to adapt better to a wide array of different terrains than our previous ancestors. 

Bio Chem 2 Benchmark

Posted by Jailyn Pope-Thomas on
Biochem 2 Quarter 3 Benchmark

Comparative Anatomy

Overall goal: Present and explain the evolution of your organ system through comparative anatomy

.

                                       Introduction

The primary function of the skeletal structure is movement of the body, protection of the organs, and over structural integrity of the body.


Systems/ Features to be compared

Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris)

Frog (Rana pipiens)

Human (Homo sapien)


Cat (Felis catus)

Organism of choice: Bulbasaur (Fushigidane)

Phylum

Annelida

Chordate

Chordate

Felis

Pokemon

Habitat

anywhere there is moist soil and dead plant material but can be found in many habitats on land and in freshwater

is in or near ponds.

Suburban, rural, urban areas

forests, grasslands, tundra, coastal areas, agricultural land, scrublands, urban areas, and wetlands

The Viridian Forest/ Oak’s Lab

Skeletal System

N/A

long, strong back legs, with extra joints so they can fold up close to the body.

Human skeletal system, the internal skeleton that serves as a framework for the body. This framework consists of many individual bones and cartilages

The skeleton has  hard tissues of the body, and its primary functions are to support the body, the protect the soft organs of the body, and to produce red blood cells (hematopoiesis).

mammalian skeleton with a beak for slicing plants and meat.




    Fish were the first creatures with the trait of bony skeletons and which we originated from. Although exoskeletons were thought to arise exclusively from the neural crest, recent experiments in teleosts have shown that exoskeletons in the trunk are mesodermal in origin. “Recent developmental studies suggest that the boundary between neural crest- and mesoderm-derived bones may not be consistent throughout evolution”. Also, the vertebrate skeletal system is well suited to biomechanical analyses, allowing both morphological and functional transitions throughout evolution to be reconstructed . “Before the concept of evolution was established, two distinct types of bones were recognized in vertebrate skeletons and were thought to reflect their embryonic development” and  whether the bone came from a cartilaginous precursor or not. From the POV of comparing morphology and paleontology, it has been said that two lineages of skeletal systems the endoskeleton and exoskeleton have succeeded in vertebrate evolution .


I organized it this way because I couldn’t insert a Venn diagram so, I used the video as a example and this Venn Diagram is what I made



Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris)

Frog (Rana pipiens)

Human (Homo sapien)


Bulbasaur (Fushigidane)

Cat (Felis Catus)

Eyes

x

x


x

x

Backbone


x

x

x

x

Warm-Blooded

x

x

x

x

x

Hair



x


x

                             Image result for earthworm Image result for frogs         Image result for Human                                             




             Conclusion

The skeletal system for organisms changed in a way so that they can become more mobile and able to do more things. An example of this is with humans and how our skeletal structure in our hands are set up to help use them to pick things up and make a fist if you need to. For organisms such as frogs their skeletal system changed to help them become more mobile in the water and also on land with how their skeletal structure is set up in their hind legs. If our skeletal structures didn’t evolve over time we wouldn’t be able to do half things we do now same with any organisms if frogs didn’t have the skeletal system they have today they would just be laying there waiting to be eaten. One thing that interesting is how the bones are made when the organism is still in development. I wanna know how that all works out and how the body knows how to structure each part so it the organism won’t be different from past organisms. Overall the skeletal system is a very interesting system in the body and a very important one at that and without it a lot of the things that we do/are doing now wouldn’t have been possible without the skeletal system.

Comparative Anatomy

Posted by Mikeala Commander in Biochemistry 2 Honors on
I learned that no matter the organism, everyone needs to excrete in order for their system to not become poisonous. All of our chosen organs have similar organisms with either different sizes, or different function organs. The reason behind this is the environment in which the organism must adapt to in order to maintain survival. 

ALS Nervous System Benchmark

Posted by Zack Waxler in Biology of the Human Body · Aziz · C on
​Link to animation:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/10sZNioIswDu8GpJQk-dKsby8lGPC7yHX/view?usp=sharing​

Link to infographic:
https://create.piktochart.com/output/29092881-als-infographic

Reflection:

Through doing this benchmark I learned a lot about the nervous system and how diseases like ALS can impact it. I attained a very in-depth understanding of how the body controls movement using a flow of motor neurons in the central nervous system, and I learned why neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS are so serious because of how difficult they are to cure/reverse. I wonder what the cure for ALS will look like when it's finally discovered, and what the cause of ALS is for those who do not inherit it as that has not yet been figured out.

Comparative anatomy benchmark

Posted by Kitana Seals in Biochemistry 2 Honors on

Our website : https://biochemq3.weebly.com/

For this benchmark, we compared animals and how their nervous systems are different and similar. We studied animals, the worm, frog, horse, and human. We used a horse as our prime reason for studying because they are very much like humans and have almost the same nervous systems with little differences. In my project, you will see these similarities and difference.

What I learned through this benchmark is that most animals have similar structures inside the body and we are not very different in certain aspects. Not every animal has nervous system and structures, but the majority does and I have seen that. I also learned that they have certain structures that are in every animal and these structures help keep them alive.