Abstract

In the interview, my grandmother talks about what it was like being exposed to racism and people of color when she went to school in New York. She talks about the Civil Rights movement, and she shares her deep, and insightful thoughts on the prominent leaders of the Civil Rights movement.

Research

During our interview, my grandmother said something that really stuck with me. She said, “I think it (violence) was necessary so that we could appreciate Martin Luther King's contribution as a peaceful movement”. I think that this is a very deep analysis of the Civil Rights movement’s most important leaders, and I do agree with her statement of us needing the more passive-aggressive Malcolm X, to appreciate the peaceful MLK.

It is like eating a ghost pepper and then drinking a cool glass of milk afterwards. If you just drank the glass of milk on it’s own, it is a pretty normal glass of milk. But, if you eat a ghost pepper and then you drink the milk, the milk becomes this marvelous nectar that saves you from the fiery pain that is burning your mouth, and you appreciate that milk for doing so. The same thing goes for MLK and Malcolm X. Malcolm X was a Civil Rights leader who promoted the defense against white aggression, and was famous for the line “by any means necessary”, meaning that African Americans should do whatever must be done to obtain freedom. MLK spoke out against violence, believed in passive resistance, and implored the African American community to participate in nonviolent protests. If there was no Malcolm X and the “by any means necessary” form of resistance, then MLK and peaceful protesting would be appreciated less. But, since there was a more violent resistance, MLK and the nonviolent protests are appreciated much more. I think that this is a very interesting idea that my grandmother touched on during my interview with her.

Sources

http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/malcolm-x

http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement

https://lifeexaminations.wordpress.com/2011/03/14/mlk-vs-malcolm-x-similaritiesdifferences/

Transcript

Max- I am interviewing my grandmother, Peggy Harris.

Max- What is your conceptualization of race, and how has it changed?

Peggy- I think as a young kid, I certainly didn’t have much to do with people of color, and I think that it was just, you know, where we lived; the location. So, I really didn’t have much exposure, and when I first went to school in New York City, it was my first time I had actually really interacted with other people like me, but of different color, and I went to school with them. And it was the first time that I had a relationship with others that- well it was a wake-up call for me because i never realized how prejudiced I was against color until I had the experience of having friends who were of other color. So, I think it has changed over time because I recognized how discriminatory I was, and it was kind of a real shock to me, I remember when it happened. And so, I think over time, I have begun to look at people not so much as color, but as to who they are, what relationship they have with me, things we have in common, and I think that is the biggest change I've had. And, it primarily has to do with the fact that I have worked with a lot of people of different color.

MH- In your opinion, what is the role of race in society? Or is there a role?

PH- Is there a role for race? No, I don’t think so, it shouldn't be. There shouldn't be a role for race. And I think that the more we integrate, integrate, integrate at younger ages, the more we will see each other as who we are; people. But, everybody’s different, and stereotyping is really something I find myself doing at times, still. I just hope that my grandchildren don’t do it.

MH- Do you think that the racism and prejudice, along with the stereotypes, do you think that they will eventually go away?

PH- I think it probably will, eventually, one day, I don’t really know. We’re lucky in that in Philadelphia, we really have a large mix of people from all over the world. So, I think that there is more opportunity for kids being raised in the Philadelphia area to stop being- to not even be racist, even at the get-go. It’s an opportunity, and of course a lot of it depends on the parents of each generation, as to how that’s all played out.

MH- Have you recently witnessed racial, cultural, religious, gender, discrimination?

PH- You know, I probably block a lot, so I can’t really think of it. I can’t really think of any time when I was looking at people

MH- What do you remember from the Civil Rights movement?

PH- Well the first thing I remember, I was still living in South America and I was a teenager, and I remember the news reports of the lynchings. The lynchings in the South. As the Civil movement starting to become noticed, there had been a lot of lynchings in the past, but now the news was really starting to pick up on it, and I was really appalled, I couldn't believe people would do things like that to each other. Living in South America at the time I was pretty well divorced from it, it didn't affect me personally, but to this day I remember those reports of the lynchings, and I think that was the beginning of the Civil Rights movement, when people became aware of what was really happening. And it wasn't just in the South, although the lynchings only took place in the South, but it was really all over the United States.

MH- What do you think was the most significant part of the Civil Rights movement?

PH- Well there was a lot of violence, and I was in New York in school, and I remember the violence with Malcolm X, and I have since read his autobiography, and I realized that in many ways he was right, about how you are going to change the people look at you. And I think violence, I don’t like it, but I think it was necessary so that we could appreciate Martin Luther King’s contribution as a peaceful movement. I think that really helped all of us. All of my generation to change, and adapt, and to rethink this whole business with color.

PH- I never quite understood the Southern idea of race, I mean like the bombing in Birmingham, and the five little girls. I could never really understand the violence, that I never could. But I understood the violence and the anger that came out of those riots, and of course it was a time where people were rioting, students were rioting against Vietnam, and there was just an awful lot of unrest in every which way, including women, who were unhappy with being relegated the role of housewife, and never do anything with their lives other than stay at home. Not that raising children and being a wife is a bad thing, but there is more to life than just that role, and I think women wanted a piece of the action out there.

MH- In recent events such as Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown and Ferguson, and Baltimore, what do you think about the rioting?

PH- I think that it is a wake up call again, and the news media has grabbed a hold of it, so people like myself who are not involved directly, are now involved on an emotional level. Do, I think that what is going on is racism, yes I believe so. Someone mentioned, with the police action, it was militarization of the police, and I totally believe that. No longer are you innocent until proven guilty, you're guilty! And that’s what we have been told to do you know? At airports, you’re told to look around for suspicious people and report them, and goodness gracious, I think that we would do that without being told, but now we look at people and think, well are they getting a cup of coffee or... It is just stereotyping, again, and we are just looking at people as though they are guilty.

http://www.dnj.com/story/opinion/2015/01/19/like-martin-luther-king/21999739/

The Secret History Of The Word ‘ Cracker’

http://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/07/01/197644761/word-watch-on-crackers

Is There a Such Thing as Voluntary Segregation?

http://globalsegregation.com/is-there-such-a-thing-as-voluntary-segregation/

Transcript

CYC: How much segregation have you experienced in your life?

YC: All my life I just don't pay it no mind

CYC: how intense have the events of segregation you experienced been?

YC: they are much stronger than they were today because we have come so far to get here today

CYC: What do you remember about the following events Murder of Emmett Till,  Lunch-counter sit-ins, Freedom Rides, murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson, Bloody Sunday”?

YC: Please tell me what happened with them

CYC: Bloody sunday was a march on a bridge to ballot

YC: Bloody Thursday.

CYC: No sunday.

YC: Oh only that it  happened.

CYC: How involved were you and your family in the civil rights movement?

YC:  I guess We were very active we all played out some more than other I was the more kind of guy.

CYC: Can you give an example

YC: Militant because whatever it took i was done with it as long as it was for the proper cause

CYC: Do you see a difference in segregation from back then and today

YC: oh most definitely it's much lighter than now because it got a bit better now and they camouflage it more so.

CYC: can you explain what you mean by camouflage ?

YC: They didn’t care if people knew or not

CYC: So you feel as though segregation still exist but it is camouflage?

YC: Right.

CYC : How do you feel as though it is camouflaged ?

YC: Crackers are different now thats all because they were more aggressive with it now they try to posses it off

CYC: Other races besides caucasian and hispanic participated in the civil rights movement

YC: They do because weather the participate or not they are people of color and people don't like to realize that a lot

CYC:  Is there one  story about segregation or the civil rights movement that you would like share

YC: It would probably be life of MLK , because i didn't like him until after he was kilt isn't that strange  but i didn't like for women and  kids to get hit .  hosed down and dogs  stuck on em you know they use to stick them dogs on them people and I tell you it was so vicious I still think it's vicious

CYC:  So you feel as though it was MLK fault?

YC : Not at all he was for the right cause they was for the wrong cause.

JH; Hey I’m here with my grandma, Merian Campbell and umm so, where were you born?

MC: In Whiteville, North Carolina.

JH: So, do you think you faced racism more in North Carolina than in Philadelphia?  

MC: I-I faced it more in Philadelphia I think.

JH: What makes you think that?

MC: Well, it’s really hard to say actually- because being born in the 50s um whenever a whole lot of racism was going on, I wasn’t around it um... I wasn’t around it. Only when we went into the city. And, nobody actually bothered us, we had no problems even though we wasn’t allowed to go in the restaurants and sit down and stuff like that, but that didn’t matter because we never went to restaurants.

JH: Did you ever signs- segregation signs that said whites only and blacks only?

MC: Uh,  I’ve saw signs that said um, whites only bathroom at the bus station, um basically that’s it.

JH: Did you understand like,  why did anybody ever tell why they had those signs?

MC: Not really, it was just that we don’t go in that bathroom.

JH: So, Jim Crow laws never really impacted you.

MC: No, nope.

JH: Well, what year did you come to Philadelphia?

MC: I came to Philadelphia in 1970.

JH: So, segregation was over by that time, so what racism- did anybody say anything?

MC: Uh, Segregation was over at that time, but where we came from schools did not mix until 1970.

JH: So, besides black people in your school were there any other races.

MC: No.

JH: You told me that there were Native Americans in your um… near your hometown. They didn’t go to your school or anything?

MC: They had their own school.

JH: Did you ever talk, like were you ever friends with someone outside your race.

MC: Uh, nope.

JH: Well-

MC: Well Native Americans yes, I’m sorry. With some Native Americans, but that was it, that was only because they lived in the community.  

JH: Did any other- any whites live in your community, was your neighborhood diverse?

MC: Nope. All Black. Even it was segregated, I mean, the Native Americans lived in one section of the community and the blacks in the other. The Native Americans and the Blacks, they did you know socialize.

JH: So, they didn’t like hate each other?

MC: No.

JH: Were there any racist remarks to each other?

MC: No.

JH: Well, in my school there is a lot of self-segregation, why do you think that is?

MC: I really don’t know, maybe because they think they’re different.

JH: Well, I know there was self-segregation in your school, but you told me about our uncle, who went to an all white school. How do you think that was for him?

MC: That was when they first started mixing the schools, and he went and it was only a few blacks, uh he faced uh racism. I didn’t, because I didn’t go there.

JH: Did- Did he ever come home and like was angry or upset about what they said?

MC: At first, um, maybe the first month he had a pretty rough time, uh he didn’t really talk about it a lot it was just uh I know he got in trouble a couple of times, over somethings that was said to him.

Abstract

My grandmother, Merian Campbell, told what it was like for her in school before they stop segregated school.  She also talked about my uncle going to an interracial school and the struggles he had to face. Since, she had a brother she got to see how different the education was between white and colored school.

Research

North Carolina, though not one of the major states during civil rights movement, still faced segregation. In 1954, public schools were determined unconstitutional for being segregated. But in North Carolina the desegregated slowly. In fact, Greensboro school was the first to agree with the Brown vs Board of education laws. “In Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, a federal court ruled that busing could be used as a tool to help integrate the public schools,” which was attempt to desegregate schools.    

Sources:

http://ncpedia.org/history/20th-Century/african-american-civil-rights

http://civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/segregation-again-north-carolina2019s-transition-from-leading-desegregation-then-to-accepting-segregation-now

Ms Landman interview

Aliya:  Hi this is Aliya I am here interviewing Ms Landman

Ms Landman:  Hi!

Aliya:  What was your job before working at SLA?

Ms Landman:  My job before working at SLA was um Alexander Mcclure Elementary School  and I was a K-5 education teacher.

Aliya:  How would your friends describe you?

Ms Landman:  Uhh I think my friends would describe me as really and serious really silly.  So sometimes i'm really serious and other times i'm really silly.  

Aliya:  What do you do for fun?

Ms Landman:  Uh for fun I’m really into music and so is my husband we like to go to lots of shows and listen to bands.  

Chloe Bartlett interview:

Aliya:  Hello how are you today?

Chloe:  Fantabulous!

Aliya:  I am going to start with your questions alright?

Chloe:  Mhm!

Aliya:  How would you describe yourself

Chloe:  Weird, um, weirder, um really weird?

Aliya:  Okay!  What are your biggest strengths and weaknesses.

Chloe: My strengths are sleeping and breathing.  My weaknesses are everything else.  (Laughter)

Aliya:  (Laughter)  I am so sorry to hear that.  What is something you're proud of?

Chloe:  My hair!!

Aliya:  Have you ever been outside the country?  If so where?

Chloe:  Yes I went to France and Spain… and Tokyo.  No I didn’t go to Tokyo.  (laughter)

History Benchmark Design

Abstract:

In this interview, I am viewing Kimberly Marable. She talks about how she grew up learning about what happened to Emmett Till and learning that Rosa Parks wasn’t the first African American to give up her seat. She also discuss what it was like when she was growing up.

Research:

I looked up that according to the modern-day civil-rights establishment, most of the problems that currently afflict African Americans result directly from the intractable white racism that allegedly continues to plague blacks in every region of the country -- across all age groups, all educational levels, and all income brackets. This civil-rights elite largely ignores the role of issues within the black community, such as the calamitous breakdown of the black family since the 1960s, in framing its critique. Black community has been the worst struggle in the 1960’s and more. They dealt with a 14 year old boy getting killed for something wrong, a woman arrested for trying to reice freedom, and they had to deal with the civil rights.

Sources:

http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/sixties/resources/guided-readings-major-social-issues-1960s

Good evening it is April 29, 2015. Today we will be doing an interview based on personal background and during the civil rights. I will be interviewing my grandmother.

Me: Hello Grandma, how is your day?

Grandmom: it is good , how is your?

Me: Good as well. SO I will start off with basic questions then jump into the civil war. What is your name?

Grandma: My is name is Kimberly Marie Marable.

Me: How old are you?

Grandma: As of today I am 55 years old.

Me: Okay do you remember anything that happened in the civil rights movement?

Grandma: Yes. I remember 14 year old Emmett Till was killed by two white men in 1955.

Me: Do you remember why he got killed?

Grandma: He was visiting his family in Mississippi. He was caught flirting with  21-year old Carolyn Bryant at a small grocery store. Bryant's husband Roy and half brother kidnapped him, gouged out one of his eyes, choked him with a cotton wire fan then shot him.

Me: Do you think that has made a huge impact dealing with racism?

Grandma: Yes. Back then in the earlier days us as black African American slave, we have dealt with alot of racism and since this situation has occurred, it shows that racism was and still is a problem.

Me: Do you still remember anything that happened before?

Grandma: Yes. I learned that Rosa Parks wasn’t the first African American lady to sit in the front of the bus.

Me: Who was the first then?

Grandma: Her name was Claudette Colvin.

Me: How did you figure this out?

Grandma: I figured this out because I was reading a newspaper and she was on the front cover with her name in bold stating that she was the first one to give up her seat.

Abstract

​In this interview, Vanessa Anderson-Smith, remember their lives in South Philadelphia. This interview offers more information on the young life of Vanessa Smith as she grew up going to middle school, high school, college, and later onto the real world. She talks about how students of her skin color were treated in middle school, high school, and college. She also talks about her neighborhood friends, how she raised three children of her own and much more.

Research

We drank water from the tap not a bottle and nobody knew about the dangers of lead poisoning so even cribs were painted with brightly colored lead based paint. Medicine and Bottles with tablets did not have child proof lids. No seat belts or air bags in cars, nobody knew or if they did told our parents smoking and drinking was bad for the baby, kids shared coke from one bottle, soda had masses of sugar and we ate real white bread and butter and everything else including full fat milk that we are now told is bad for you. Parents couldn't reach us ( no mobiles ) and most of the day we would be out playing with friends and parents knew we would be safe with hardly any weirdos wandering the streets. If we got caught doing stuff we shouldn't the cops would take us home and we may well have a got a hiding for breaking the law ( but no do gooders saying mustn't smack children ). And if we played up in school the same applied. While playing we got cuts and bruises and the occasional tear in jeans but it was just part of being a kid and no visit to the hospital. We had no fancy games but could play for hours making a Go cart or a new tree swing and for other games most times we would find a ball and whatever we could use as a bat. or in the summer all jump into the nearest place we could find and if the water wasn't that clean we just didn't swallow it. We rode our bikes with no helmets and doing whatever stunts we could ( bikes were so much heavier and hard waring) and always had punctures to repair or get dad to help with. If we didn't get in the team we were not good enough and that was that. But most of all we were allowed to be kids. To dream, to invent and to play. It's no wonder that the generation that grew up then created some of the most innovative and exciting technology we have today. Thanks for those years and all those "BAD THINGS" that is why we are who we are today.

Sources(s)

• http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/50s-memories.html

Transcript

Shaelin: 1. When exactly were you born?

GMOM: “January 25th, 1956”

Shaelin: 2. How old are you?

GMOM: “59 years old”

Shaelin: 3. What was it like in your generation when you were my age?

GMOM:  “When i was just starting high school, i was in a all girls catholic high school, uniforms had to be below our knees, no makeup, no hoop earrings, post back earrings.”

Shaelin: 4. When you were my age did you have white and black friends? just blacks? just whites?

GMOM:  “Yes because I went to a racially diversified school, black, white, hispanic, vietnamese, all types, so i ended up making many different skin color friends.”

Shaelin: 5. Did you go to a segregated high school?

GMOM: “Uh, no. All of the students collaborated with one another”

Shaelin: 6. Was everyone treated fairly?

GMOM: “I would say yes for the most part. We had black students that had a walk out, however I do not remember what for.”

Shaelin: 7. Do you think that high school prepared you for college?

GMOM: “It did to a certain extent because the big issue in college there was no one to tell you to do your work, the professor would give us a syllabus with all of our work and due dates but wouldn’t remind us when it was due.”

Shaelin: 8. After finishing college was it challenging to find a job?

GMOM: “Originally it was, I had a couple side jobs, first real job was at temple university. It was kind of hard, then chop and I worked there every since.”

Shaelin: 9. Did one of your jobs eventually lead you into a career?

GMOM: “I got my third job at temple for a year after I graduated, I then found a job at chop and worked there every since for 28 years which was in the field that I studied in college.”

Shaelin: 10. Was it hard adapting into the real world?

Abstract:

On may the 7th Margaret Coleman was interview by Darian Scudder and she was born in Alabama greenville 1960 she’s a African American her mom raise her up in church and she played games with brothers and sister’s. Her Dad made her brother ‘s and sister’s pick crops and take care of the farm she enjoyed being home with brother’s and sister’s working on the farm. She had to pick food and cotton and crops from the farm, she would play baseball, hide and go seek, and jacks, hopscotch, her dad drove the school bus, Mom would be at home and when come from school. She would spend a lot of time together with her family and  she would come home from church and they would go shopping , and sometimes her  family would sit outside on the porch and watch the cars go by together. Her parents would always watch out for her health not to eat junk food she would go into town and go into the little stores and get hun buns and little snacks from the corner stores. She would eat ice cream from the dairy queens but mostly her family would eat at home her favorite movies were (Gone with the wind) and (Romeo and Juliet) she would watch them in  school. Her Favorite Hobbies were Fishing, and she Made up her own baseball, and Walking to her neighbors houses she was very close to her mother Dad and sister and brothers, The school’s I went to had all blacks schools and I would be in the country schools. Most of her friends were blacks because the area she was in when her mom did house cleaning her boss was white and he had white children she would play around when she was little they help them when they had a lot of work.

Research:

Research

Overall, in American history, the social disadvantage of blacks has been present and is obvious even though people deny it. While speaking with my grandfather he believes the white privilege or the advantage over minorities still exist, and I agree with him. There are many big situations like the Trayvon Martin case, the Ferguson situation, and some situations that have been lost in history like the MOVE Bombing are all forms of racism or actions towards black people that simply happen the way they do for being black. In the times my grandfather spoke of(civil rights movement), blacks being treated unfairly, was not frowned upon and was a normal day to day thing. Now we are in 2015, and you would think that people would be past being racist, but because it is something that is taught and passed down to later generations it still  unfortunately exist. This leads to people who would have the advantage making white supremacy something realistic, and it leads to unnecessary situations or deaths of blacks with the encounters most times.

For example, one of the situations my grandfather told me people don’t pay enough attention to was the MOVE Bombing. This was a bombing where police destroyed 65 homes which was the whole neighborhood, leaving many homeless, and an unfortunate amount killed. The MOVE group was a black group of people who took one their surnames(last names) as Africa. This group was a black liberation group, and advocated for a larger group of people which is blacks in general. They owned a house all together which they called Osage, and they would use a speakerphone to scream obscenities. Once neighbors called the police saying that they were disturbing the peace, and somehow it lead to unnecessary death and destruction. When the count of homeless and dead people, were counted everyone was black or African American, which was not a surprise.

• https://www.dosomething.org/facts/11-facts-about-racial-discrimination

• http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fglobalgrind.com%2F2013%2F09%2F26%2F11-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-time-police-bombed-an-am

erican-neighborhood-move-philadelphia-list%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNF5PoJojqmcUC94gCh68eIAaUsDpw

• http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rawstory.com%2F2015%2F04%2Fblack-americans-killed-by-police-in-2014-outnumbered-those-who-died-on-911%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNG9AlZWALFXEFlmsSYuJUHRQQjepA

Interview between my grandfather Carlton Pryor and I, Jaden McClain,

J. M.- Ard, so the first question is how important do you think race is in America?

Grandfather- How important do I think race is in America?

J.M.- Yes

Grandfather- I think, um, race is very important in America, because America is a very multicultural country, where you have people from all different ethnic *sysities* (backgrounds) and it's important that people recognize each other as individuals rather that the way they look, the way they comb hair, the size they are, or how they speak, because life is about treating people equally.   

J.M.-Ard thank you, so um, so you know, when you were my age did you think being black, or your specific race was a dangerous thing, or people didn't like you for that?

Grandfather-When I was your age, um, race was an issue, however I was taught that your treat people the way you wanted to be treated, and to always be respectful to your elders and law enforcement. And as long as you live by credible ethics and you know that was is important is how you see yourself and how other people see you, you should not be threatened. Though I recognized that racism was there, I never let that get into the way of what I wanted to be. Ya know, and I never used the race card as a crutch. I just found ways to try to break down the barriers for example, when I tried to get a position they said, “well you don’t have this”, so I asked what do I need to do to get the position, and I went and got that certificate or degree, and I went back and they told me “I had to get something else”, and I went back until I go to the point where I backed them in a corner where they had nothing else to do except give me the position.

J.M.- So basically, they were being indirect and they didn’t want to give you a position based off of your race.

Grandfather- Well I couldn’t say, it was race related, or academia, but im pretty sure it dealt with race, but it didn't stop me from pursuing my goal.

J.M.- Right, so when you were younger when race was a big problem and you had segregation and things of that sort, were you apart of any kind of protesting or did you have anything to do with the ending of segregation?

Grandfather- Well I never was apart, well I was apart of a political group in my school when I was majoring in political science and I advocated, for treating people based on their credibility, and based on their credentials rather than the way they look, or their color. However I recognized there were rules and regulations, there was still areas all over the country through the south that was segregated, and that you still couldn’t do the things you thought you were aloud to do. For instance when I was in basic training in um, Kentucky, when I went into a restaurant to get food they ran out of food, although their were hundreds of people eating. So other than me creating an issue I went back to the base. When I was in the farm with my grandfather, and we went to the market my grandfather was very fair, and I couldn’t go in through the front door, I had to go to the back, and he couldn’t let them know that I was his grandson, because he compared to being white. So growing up you recognize boundaries that you have to deal with at that time, you had to deal with it.

J.M.- So how did that make you feel, do you think it made you a better person, or was it simply unnecessary?

Grandfather- I think um, i made me a better person, il say this you are who you are, and no one else can change you because of what they think of you, and think that you're something you're not. We were always taught that we could achieve and excel, even though I knew, and sometimes I was unhappy, and sometimes I got discouraged because I knew it was race related I didn’t let that stop me, because if you let that barrier stop you, you are laying into their hands because you become, factated.

J.M.- Right, um, hmm so for instance, if their was anything else you could have done to help, like you did with you political science, did you go around and speak to people about segregation, and how it should be fair, or was it more of a thing were you and some people just spoke about it.

Grandfather- I always told people that violence did not solve the segregation issue, what violence did was reinforce that we were arrogant, rebellious, and that we were hostile, because I recognized that I can be very expressive in my thoughts, and be considered radical, and however the white sector, who was racist or biased, felt like they were entitled to say anything, and they were just expressing their opinion. So tone, was very important, if you didn't deliver the right tone, you were not heard, if your tone was hostile back then, the actions that came upon you were different(violent). There, is an old saying that “I can catch more bees with honey than vinegar”, so  I tried very hard to portray myself as being hostile, although I knew I had to be very careful about what I said, how I presented myself because they wanted me to act in a certain manner to you their forceful will by locking me up, imprisoning me, and things of that natural, like stomping you or your front door and questioning you. So those were things you had to overcome, and even though I try hard to do that there were people who felt like just because you were black you were a hoodlum.

J.M.- So do you feel like even though certain places of the country blacks didn’t make the situation better, do you think as a culmination or whole, what people did protest wise, do you think that made a big impact?

Grandfather- I believe that today kids and generation do not understand the struggles their parents and grandparents and civil rights activist have done to get them the right to vote, sit a counters, or to walk in any restaurant. They just do not recognize that, they have not taken the time to learn their history, and quit frankly they just don’t, and the generation today has lost their morals and values.

J.M.- So what do you mean by that do you think it’s taken for granted, or it’s not appreciated as much as it should be?

Grandfather- I don’t think that the young generation doesn't respect the generation of the past, and don't respect one another. They feel that they should look for the easy way out and do not want to work for anything. Or they feel that everything should be given to them, like welfare, and they need to break the cycle. And now violence is a way of life for them, when I was coming up they had games with shooting and stabbing but there was a difference. The media is very privileged aspect, because the media promote negative things, never what kid did good or what kid acceled.

J.M.- It;s like the negatives

Abstract

While Interviewing Robert he explains his broad experience with his experience of Racism. He had left some things out that were pretty explicit and he didn’t feel comfortable saying. Yet he said I could share and he said that his white friends would chase african americans  out of the park by screaming them out of there names and beating them up if they didn’t leave.

Additional Research

Cinnaminson is an eastern suburb of Philadelphia that borders the Delaware River. "The inhabitants of the township of Chester having become so numerous that it is impracticable for them to meet with convenience and good order in one assembly... the Township shall be divided." The name of  "Cinnaminson" comes from the Lenape Native American word "Senamensing," which means "sweet water".

Interview Details: May 2nd or 3rd, either the evening of May 2nd or the afternoon of May 3rd and at 2521 Pine St Cinnaminson, NJ 08077

Robert Sigler:

1. How often was segregation or racism  brought up in your household when you were younger?

Not very often we did not talk much family wise,  school wise not much.

2. When people said or say racial slurs how does it make you feel? why?

I don't know I pretty much just ignore them. Do you think you hear them on a daily basis?  Ah No

3. When you were in school were there colored kids that went there?

Yes, How many?  Ah maybe a half dozen.

4. Did you ever display any type of segregation or racism towards anyone?

No, not really.

When you were growing up do you think anyone in your family did?  Eh maybe grandparents somewhat.  Can you give us an   example?  Excuse me? I said can you give me an example?  Well well the last time I saw my grandmother who was born in the 1890's in a nursing home she expressed displeasure with the black attendants in the Nursing Home. Let's put it that way.

5. How many colored families lived in your neighborhood when you were a child?

There was one elderly couple that lived up the street.

6. Has anyone treated you different because of your race?

Not really.

7. Are you aware of the African Americans being killed by police? what is your response?

Yes I am aware of it I mean it's been all over the news. Umm as for the whole police shootings some are justified and some aren't it depends on the certain circumstances.

8. How many colored people do you see or interact with on a daily basis?

Now?  Ahh two or three probably.

9. Do you think where you live is segregated?  No

No

In the neighborhood you live in is the diversity in it?

Yes

10. On April 20th, 1971 how old were you when The Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving integration of public schools happened? How did you feel?

I was about 13 and I it really didn't affect our areas I really didn't think much about it.

What grade were you in? eighth or ninth somewhere in there.

Abstract: In the interview with Ms.Helen we hit topics that just dealt with the basics of the civil war like Brown vs. Education or segregation. Then we got a bit personal and spoke about segregation and racial differentiation in Jamaica her birthplace. My interviewee however was not so educated on the factor of war and her knowledge is based off of new reports and personal opinions.

Additional Research: “Although Jamaica has a diverse population, Afro-Jamaicans constitute the overwhelming majority. The 1991 census recorded a total population of 2.3 million. Blacks accounted for 2.08 million, or 90.5 percent of the total population, while whites accounted for 5,200, or 0.2 percent. East Indians made up 1.3 percent and Chinese 0.3 percent. Other ethnic groups as well as small numbers of Syrians, Lebanese, and Jews made up 0.5 percent. People of mixed descent accounted for 7.3 percent of the population. Recognition of this diversity led the framers of Jamaica's constitution at independence, in 1962, to choose as the island's motto 'Out of Many, One People,' suggesting that despite racial and ethnic differences, all live united as one Jamaican people.”

As taken from:  http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/43/130.html

This excerpt is stating that Jamaica had no racial segregation and was full of diversity even though the mass population was of blacks.

Interview of Helen James by Nacere James                                                          5/8/15

NJ: Good Evening, Ms. Helen how are you today?

Ms.Helen: I’m fine thank you, how are you?

NJ: I’m alright, can you answer a few questions for me if that’ll be okay?

Ms. Helen: Yes it’ll be okay

1. What do you know about the civil war?

Nothing really because I wasn’t really interested in war.

2. If you didn’t know about it, how did you find out it exist?

Oh from listening to the news

3. Do you think the civil war was important and why?\

I don’t think any war was important

NJ: |I agree war really is pointless.|

4. Do you know about Brown vs. Education? Do you think that was important and why?

Education is important but I don’t know about the court case.

5. What was the racial variety like in Jamaica?

We didn’t have racial problems in Jamaica.

6. Did you experience any racial segregation once coming to America?

Yes one time in a Korean store and it wasn’t very pleasant, I didn’t spend very much time in there just bought some flower pots and some baskets, some flower baskets

7. Did you experience anything out of the racial norm?

No not in Jamaica

8. Do you think things like these (Civil War etc..) are important to be taught in schools and why?

No, they waste time teaching that because it’s unnecessary to go back in the past.

9. Why do you think the History lessons are disrupting young minds?

Because they spend time going back in the past it doesn’t make any sense to me

10. Do you think the way segregation ended was right?

I- it’s not over

NJ: Okay that’ll be all for today,

Ms. Helen: Okay

Abstract,

In this interview my interviewee is talking about her being happy graduating from high school when she was younger. I ask her if she could tell me how is it different from back in the day from today. She said lived in a African American community. How her house was when she was younger. She talks about her not going to a segregated school. I ask her if she was ever discriminated About her race or skin color but she couldn't remember. I also asked if she had white friends but she didn't. And my last question I asked was why she came to Philadelphia from North Carolina and she said because there was more jobs in the north than the south.

Research

The topic I choose is when Mrs.Nixon migrated from North Carolina to Pennsylvania. She migrated in 1966, she was 23. The Great Migration is when more than 6 million African Americans relocated from the rural South to the cities of the north. From 1916 through 1970 it had a huge impact on urban life in the united States. Driven from their homes by bad economic opportunities and harsh segregationist laws, many African Americans headed north, where they took advantage of the need for industrial workers that first arose during the First World War.During the Great Migration, African Americans began to build a new place for themselves in public life, actively confronting economic, political and social challenges and creating a new black urban culture that would exert enormous influence in the decades to come. Shortly after the Civil War, large numbers of newly freed men and women left the plantations where they had served as slaves and moved to new areas, but most remained primarily in the South.In the south they had driven in a part of economic concerns. Many african americans didn’t have jobs and they were having a poor living condition, so that lead them to move to the North but they needed help to get there. Also the south was losing people and they were probably losing money. (b) In the North many african americans were looking for jobs because they heard they had more jobs than the south. Many of them were still in poor living condition because they still had a low fare waged.

Sources:

http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/great-migration

http://www.uni.edu/historyofblackhawkcounty/peopimmigrants/African-AmericanMig/HeadingNorth.htm

I used some information from an old assignment

Transcript

May 11,2015

Time 6:20

Person who interview her: Ivana Gutierrez

Interviewee: Mrs.Rosa Nixon

IG: Um, hi this is ivana, um I’m interviewing Egypt’s grandmother. Um what is your name?

RN: Um, hi ivana. I’m Ms.Nixon.

IG: I’m gonna be asking you some questions today. Um, so um first question um.

What was like your best childhood memory?

RN: Uh, best memory, my childhood memory is uh graduating from high school. (hahaha)

IG: That's good.  Um my second question is what was it back in the day? Is it different from today?

RN: Uh, different from today uh , back when i was growing up uh it was different uh the community that we lived in uh was most all black community.So we didnt have that much uh you know uh assoseation with other groups of people. We just lived you know in a close community. and we lived in a farm, uh we uh grew peanuts, corn and soybeans um we had a 8 room home which was one level, like a ranch house and it was nine of us, and my mother and father.

IG: oh ok. So um my third question is  Did you go to a segregation school? If yes How was it?  

RN: uh when we went to school there was no segregation, it was an all black school, and even the principal and teachers were black. There was none white person in that school that I can remember.

IG: will um if you did go to a school like that would uh you be friends with the white people?

RN:  Yes i would be yes.

IG: Were you ever discriminated about your race or your skin color?

RN: No I can’t remember being discriminated about my skin color or race.

IG: Um, Did you ever had white friends when you were younger?

RN: No i never had whites friends when I was growing up.

IG: Oh ok, Um what made you come to the North from North Carolina?

RN: What made me come to the north was uh, I was in the south, I finished um high school and I needed a job to help my mother so i came to the north because I heard that you will get a good job if you come to north, that they had a lots of jobs available. So I came to the north to get a job.

IG: Oh okay, well thats all my questions for right now. Thank you for answering my questions.

RN: You're welcome